Women and leadership in private universities in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico
Abstract
Management positions in any company, whether public or private, are generally held by men, making it difficult for a woman to access these positions. In Mexico, these types of situations are still present, since on the one hand, female personnel face problems associated with the lack of opportunities to assume leadership positions, and on the other, when they finally succeed, and there are sometimes inequalities between the two genders. The purpose of the research is to identify which are the most relevant factors that are related to the low participation of this gender in management, as well as the main incentives and inequalities that they have experienced. The sample for convenience was 50 female leaders who hold important positions in three Mexican private universities in the state of Hidalgo. The study is quantitative, descriptive and transactional and was carried out during the 2018-2019 year. A questionnaire based on the one developed by Bibiana M. Orjuela and David Z. Goyeneche in 2014 was applied. The results indicate that it is still frequent to observe that the opportunities to occupy a managerial level are more favorable for men, for reasons that have to do with maternal care. The incentives and inequalities that they have faced the most are economic aid to the family nucleus and inequality in wages. It is concluded that business owners should be made more aware of themselves in order to be more equitable in opportunities and conditions within a high-level position.
Keywords
Authors
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Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia
Doctor in Administrative Sciences from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala FCA / UAT. Research Professor of the Academic Area of Administration (AAA) at the Institute of Economic and Administrative Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo ICEA / UAEH. Seniority as a PTC Academic for 34 years of service at the UAEH. Leader of the Consolidated Academic Body "Business Management and Development".
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Danae Duana Avila
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Danae Duana Avila
Professor and researcher in the Educational Administration Program of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. He completed a degree in Economics from the National Polytechnic Institute, a Master in Regional Economics from the Socioeconomic Research Center of the Autonomous University Coahuila and a PhD in Economics from the Section of Postgraduate Studies, at the Higher School of Economics of the National Polytechnic Institute .
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Enrique Martínez Muñoz
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Enrique Martínez Muñoz
Doctor in Administrative Sciences from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala FCA / UAT. Master in Organization Administration from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Industrial Engineer from the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, he has completed diplomas in the Government of Spain including: Strategic Planning, Communication and Political Marketing, Diploma in Public Management , and in the Institute of Public Administration (IAPH) Diploma in Total Quality and Leadership, Research Professor of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture at the Institute of Basic Sciences and Engineering of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo ICEA / UAEH. Specialist in Business Administration and Management Systems.
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Bernardino Martínez Muñoz
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Bernardino Martínez Muñoz
Master in Administration from La Salle University. He has been Liaison Coordinator of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture. He is currently Coordinator of the Diploma in Industrial Engineering of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture. He is a Full Time Professor in the Bachelor of Industrial Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo.
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