Women and leadership in private universities in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico
Abstract
Management positions in any company, whether public or private, are generally held by men, making it difficult for a woman to access these positions. In Mexico, these types of situations are still present, since on the one hand, female personnel face problems associated with the lack of opportunities to assume leadership positions, and on the other, when they finally succeed, and there are sometimes inequalities between the two genders. The purpose of the research is to identify which are the most relevant factors that are related to the low participation of this gender in management, as well as the main incentives and inequalities that they have experienced. The sample for convenience was 50 female leaders who hold important positions in three Mexican private universities in the state of Hidalgo. The study is quantitative, descriptive and transactional and was carried out during the 2018-2019 year. A questionnaire based on the one developed by Bibiana M. Orjuela and David Z. Goyeneche in 2014 was applied. The results indicate that it is still frequent to observe that the opportunities to occupy a managerial level are more favorable for men, for reasons that have to do with maternal care. The incentives and inequalities that they have faced the most are economic aid to the family nucleus and inequality in wages. It is concluded that business owners should be made more aware of themselves in order to be more equitable in opportunities and conditions within a high-level position.
Keywords
Categories
Similar Articles
-
Determinants of work and family balance in Monterrey, Mexico.
Karina Elizabeth Delgado-Ledezma
-
Processes of human management in public universities of Villavicencio
Juan Carlos Leal-Céspedes, Laura Fernanda Lozano Pernett, Ginna Paola Orozco Castro
-
Work Environment in Companies of the Services Sector in the Municipality of Puebla
Alfredo Pérez Paredes, Amado Torralba Flores, José Aurelio Cruz de los Ángeles
-
Food Security and Sovereignty in the Department of Meta-Colombia: Challenges and Opportunities
Camilo Ernesto Pacheco Pérez, Guillermo Enrique González Jiménez, Andres Mauricio Mancera Ortiz, Antonio Jose Castro Riveros
-
Epistemological findings in management research applying immanient critique, from humanism to the humanistic curriculum
Camilo Osejo-Bucheli
-
Creativity and entrepreneurship as the foundation of the orange economy in the curricular analysis of the Architecture program of the Universidad La Gran Colombia
Germán Andrés Alarcón-Leudo, José Jímenez-Londoño
-
Measurement and evaluation of organizational commitment: Relationship with socio-labor variables in mexican employees
Dr. Emmanuel Martínez-Mejía, Erika-Mariana Ascencio
-
Edu- Entertainment and Marketing of Experience with children as a strategy for the dissemination of Science and Technology
Alejandra Vega, Danae Duana Avila
-
Approaches to Innovative Business Social Responsibility: Alternatives for Today's Organizations
Fabián Arley Ninco Hernández, Yenni Viviana Duque Orozco
-
Communication as a strategy for competitive differentiation
Yosselin Zevallos Oscco, Juan Alberto Collado Vargas, Pedro Leonardo Tito Huamani
Most read articles by the same author(s)
-
Planning of the administrative audit
Enrique Vázquez Fernández, Nelly Flores Lujan, Danae Duana Avila
-
The communicational reality, leadership and work climate of the small textile industrial enterprise in the state of Hidalgo
Enrique Martínez Muñoz, Tirso Javier Hernández Gracia, Dagoberto Torres-Flórez, Ma. del Rosario García Velázquez, Oscar Montaño Arango
-
Study of Mobbing in a higher education institucion in Hidalgo
Enrique Martínez Muñoz, Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia, Bernardino Martínez Muñoz, Joel Montesinos Hernández
-
Measurement of the organizational climate in a SME of the service sector of the downtown region of Hidalgo
Jocelyn Estrella Rodríguez Martínez, Enrique Martínez Muñoz, Danae Duana Avila, Tirso Javier Hernández Gracia
-
Strategic Prospect for the Cruz Azul Shopping Center, Hidalgo. Mexico
José Francisco Hernández Gracia, Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia, Venancio Avendaño Hernández, Dagoberto Torres-Flórez
-
Edu- Entertainment and Marketing of Experience with children as a strategy for the dissemination of Science and Technology
Alejandra Vega, Danae Duana Avila
-
Regulations of the Law on Patents and Trademarks: A Mexican Perspective
Rogelio Alberto Sánchez Cortes, Laura Vallejo Hern´ández, Danae Duana Avila
-
Competitiveness in a community forestry company
Victor hernandez Bautista, Danae Duana Avila, Zenón Santiago López
Authors
-
Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Tirso Javier Hernández-Gracia
Doctor in Administrative Sciences from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala FCA / UAT. Research Professor of the Academic Area of Administration (AAA) at the Institute of Economic and Administrative Sciences of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo ICEA / UAEH. Seniority as a PTC Academic for 34 years of service at the UAEH. Leader of the Consolidated Academic Body "Business Management and Development".
-
Danae Duana Avila
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Danae Duana Avila
Professor and researcher in the Educational Administration Program of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo. He completed a degree in Economics from the National Polytechnic Institute, a Master in Regional Economics from the Socioeconomic Research Center of the Autonomous University Coahuila and a PhD in Economics from the Section of Postgraduate Studies, at the Higher School of Economics of the National Polytechnic Institute .
-
Enrique Martínez Muñoz
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Enrique Martínez Muñoz
Doctor in Administrative Sciences from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the Autonomous University of Tlaxcala FCA / UAT. Master in Organization Administration from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Industrial Engineer from the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, he has completed diplomas in the Government of Spain including: Strategic Planning, Communication and Political Marketing, Diploma in Public Management , and in the Institute of Public Administration (IAPH) Diploma in Total Quality and Leadership, Research Professor of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture at the Institute of Basic Sciences and Engineering of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo ICEA / UAEH. Specialist in Business Administration and Management Systems.
-
Bernardino Martínez Muñoz
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo
Bernardino Martínez Muñoz
Master in Administration from La Salle University. He has been Liaison Coordinator of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture. He is currently Coordinator of the Diploma in Industrial Engineering of the Academic Area of Engineering and Architecture. He is a Full Time Professor in the Bachelor of Industrial Engineering, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo.
References
BBC Mundo (2016). Los verdaderos motivos detrás de la diferencia salarial entre hombres y mujeres. Recuperado de
https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-37217241
Biedma, J. (2017). La mujer directiva. La presencia de la mujer en los consejos de administración de las compañías del Ibex 35. Dossiers Feministes, 22(1), 13-27. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/Dossiers.2017.22.2
Blanco Rangel, I. (2016). Apuntes sobre Colombia a propósito de su internacionalización y otros desafíos. Aglala, 7(1), 209-224. Recuperado de http://revistas.curnvirtual.edu.co/index.php/aglala/article/view/905
Bonnafé, J. (2016). Principios para el empoderamiento de las mujeres en las empresas. Recuperado de
http://www.onu.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Empoderamiento-mujeres-en-empresas.pdf
Buquet, A. y Moreno, H. (2017). Trayectorias de mujeres. Educación técnico-profesional y trabajo en México. Recuperado de
Castro Alfaro, D., & Castro Alfaro, A. (2016). La formación profesional de los ingenieros de la Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega desde el punto de vista de los egresados. Conocimiento Global, 1(1), 1-13. Recuperado a partir de http://conocimientoglobal.org/revista/index.php/cglobal/article/view/20
Conacanaco Servytur México (2017). Indicadores Hidalgo. Recuperado de
https://www.concanaco.com.mx/documentos/indicadores-estados/Hidalgo.pdf
Díez, E. (2015). Códigos de masculinidad hegemónica en educación. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 68(1), 79-98. Recuperado de
https://rieoei.org/historico/documentos/rie68a04.pdf
Fischer, L. y Ursul, J. (2015). Percepción del rol que desempeñan las mujeres en puestos directivos. Recuperado de
http://congreso.investiga.fca.unam.mx/docs/xx/docs/11.11.pdf
Girbés, B. y Martín, R. (2015). Celos y envidia en el trabajo: una revisión de los últimos 20 años. Apuntes de Psicología, 33(3), 127-136. Recuperado de
http://www.apuntesdepsicologia.es/index.php/revista/article/view/569
Grant, T. (2014). Women in Business Report 2014. Recuperado de
Horbath, J. y Gracia, A. (2014). Discriminación laboral y vulnerabilidad de las mujeres frente a la crisis mundial en México. Economía, Sociedad y Desarrollo, 14(45), 465-495. Recuperado de
http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/est/v14n45/v14n45a6.pdf
Independiente (2020). Hidalgo, con más mujeres en puestos directivos. Recuperado de
https://www.elindependientedehidalgo.com.mx/hidalgo-con-mas-mujeres-en-puestos-directivos/
Kemal, S. (2015). Understanding Leadership and Factors that Influence Leaders’ Effectiveness. European Journal of Business and Management, 7(33),154-167. Recuperado de
Lamas, M. (2000). Diferencias de sexo, género y diferencia sexual. Cuicuilco, 7(18), 1-24. Recuperado de
https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/351/35101807.pdf
Labarcés Ballestas, C. (2015). Aspectos de innovación schumpeteriano. Dictamen Libre, (17), 73-80. https://doi.org/10.18041/2619-4244/dl.17.3082
León, M. (2003). Mujeres y trabajo: cambiosimpostergables. Recuperado de
https://www.alainet.org/publica/mujtra/mujeres-trabajo.pdf
Moncayo, B. y Zuluanga, D. (2014). Estrategias y obstáculos en el acceso femenino a puestos directivos en la academia. Recuperado de
http://premio.investiga.fca.unam.mx/docs/ponencias/2014/7.1.pdf
Nájera, S. (2016). Liderazgo e inteligencia emocional. Revista Innova, 1(1), 19-24. Recuperado de
http://revistas.uide.edu.ec/index.php/innova/index
O’riordan, J. (2017). The practice of human resource management. Recuperado de
https://www.ipa.ie/_fileUpload/Documents/THE_PRACTICE_OF_HRM.pdf
Ocañas, E. (2019). Un análisis de la brecha salarial por género: caso aplicado a una empresa de manufactura en Escobedo, México. Revista GEON, 6(2), 82-89. Recuperado de
http://revistageon.unillanos.edu.co/index.php/geon/article/view/173/159
Sabir. A. (2017). Motivation: Outstanding Way to Promote Productivity in Employees. American Journal of Management Science and Engineering, 2(3), 35-40. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmse.20170203.11
Sistema Empresarial Mexicano (2018). SIEM. Recuperado de
Torres-Flórez, D. (2020). La generación de valor entre las personas y las organizaciones. Revista GEON, 7(1),4-8. https://doi.org/10.22579/23463910.211
Universia México (2018). ¿Qué requisitos piden las empresas para un puesto de directivo? Recuperado de
Waaijer, F., Sonneveld, H., Buitendijk E., Van Bochove C., Vander Weijden, C. (2016). The Role of Gender in the Employment, Career Perception and Research Performance of Recent PhD Graduates from Dutch Universities. PLoS ONE, 11(10), 1-16. Recuperado de
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0164784&type=printable
Zabludovsky, G. (2017). Las mujeres en México: trabajo, educación superior y esferas de poder. Revista Política y Cultura, 1(28), 9-41. Recuperado de